How does DHCP primarily function within a network?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) primarily functions by automatically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network. When a device connects to the network, it sends a request for an IP address to the DHCP server. The server then dynamically allocates an available IP address from a pre-defined range (the DHCP scope) and provides other network configuration details, such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information. This process simplifies network management and reduces the likelihood of IP address conflicts, which can occur when multiple devices are configured with the same static IP address.

In contrast to the correct answer, the other options highlight functions that are not part of DHCP's primary role. For instance, assigning static IP addresses is managed manually by network administrators and not through DHCP. MAC address resolution for IP addresses is typically handled by protocols like Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), rather than DHCP. Lastly, while security measures for network devices are crucial, DHCP itself does not focus on security; its primary role is the efficient distribution of IP addresses and configuration information.